Security Analysis of 4G LTE Networks
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Venkatesh Chinta.,Rambabu Atmakuri
Abstract— The goal of 3GPP Long Term Evolution/System Architecture Evolution (LTE/SAE) is to move mobile cellular wireless technology into its fourth generation. The main unique challenges of fourth-generation technology is how to close a security gap through which a single compromised or malicious device can jeopardize an entire mobile network because of the open nature of these networks. This paper, however, identifies and details the vulnerabilities because the EPC architecture inherits most of the IP-specific security vulnerabilities and also vulnerability in handover key management. So attackers can jeopardize secure communication between users and mobile networks. In this paper, to overcome these key exposures, attacks on IP layer can eliminate by implementation of IPSec.
Venkatesh Chinta.,Rambabu Atmakuri
Abstract— The goal of 3GPP Long Term Evolution/System Architecture Evolution (LTE/SAE) is to move mobile cellular wireless technology into its fourth generation. The main unique challenges of fourth-generation technology is how to close a security gap through which a single compromised or malicious device can jeopardize an entire mobile network because of the open nature of these networks. This paper, however, identifies and details the vulnerabilities because the EPC architecture inherits most of the IP-specific security vulnerabilities and also vulnerability in handover key management. So attackers can jeopardize secure communication between users and mobile networks. In this paper, to overcome these key exposures, attacks on IP layer can eliminate by implementation of IPSec.
Estimation and Mitigation of Voltage Stability by Using a Multi Level DC–AC Converter with a Novel SVPWM Techniques
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Lavanya Kandelli., S.Gangadharam
ABSTRACT: This paper proposes a system of converters for the integration of a large photovoltaic (PV) plant with a utility AC grid. The system comprises of a central seven-level voltage-fed inverter (VFI) and a large number of PV modules with module-integrated DC-DC converter. The seven-level VFI consists of three three-phase, three-level VFI units connected in parallel on the AC-side. This paper also proposes a new solar power generation system, which is composed of a DC/DC & DC/AC power converter and a new seven-level inverter. This new seven-level inverter is configured using a capacitor selection circuit and a full-bridge power converter, connected in cascade. Seven level converts fed with PV modules provide a viable solution to mitigating harmonic related issues caused by diode or thyristor rectifier front-ends. To handle the large compensation currents and provide better thermal management, two or more paralleled semiconductor switching devices can be used. The proposed PV based seven level topology can also produce seven voltage levels, which significantly reduces the switching current ripple and the size of passive components.The performance of the proposed power converters system is studied using MATLAB/Simulink.
Lavanya Kandelli., S.Gangadharam
ABSTRACT: This paper proposes a system of converters for the integration of a large photovoltaic (PV) plant with a utility AC grid. The system comprises of a central seven-level voltage-fed inverter (VFI) and a large number of PV modules with module-integrated DC-DC converter. The seven-level VFI consists of three three-phase, three-level VFI units connected in parallel on the AC-side. This paper also proposes a new solar power generation system, which is composed of a DC/DC & DC/AC power converter and a new seven-level inverter. This new seven-level inverter is configured using a capacitor selection circuit and a full-bridge power converter, connected in cascade. Seven level converts fed with PV modules provide a viable solution to mitigating harmonic related issues caused by diode or thyristor rectifier front-ends. To handle the large compensation currents and provide better thermal management, two or more paralleled semiconductor switching devices can be used. The proposed PV based seven level topology can also produce seven voltage levels, which significantly reduces the switching current ripple and the size of passive components.The performance of the proposed power converters system is studied using MATLAB/Simulink.
A Novel Control Design Of An Advanced AC–AC Resonant Boost Converter For Induction Heating Applications
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Gopu Raghu., S.Gangadharam
Abstract: Induction heating technology is leading technical advances in home appliances due to the benefits inherent to the contactless energy transfer including high efficiency, fast heating, safety, cleanness, and accurate control, among others. Recent design trends are focused on developing more versatile cooking appliances for an improved user performance. This paper proposes the use of the half-bridge inverter in two operating modes to achieve higher efficiency in a wide output power range. The power converter topology can be reconfigured by changing the resonant capacitors through electromechanical relays. As a consequence, the entire efficiency of the cooking process is improved with a cost-effective procedure. This paper proposes an optimized modulation strategy to reduce the maximum device voltage, enabling an optimized converter design with improved reliability and performance. All of these advantages are due to its heating process, where the pot is directly heated by the induced currents generated with a varying magnetic field. As a result, the glass where the pot is supported is not directly heated and, consequently, efficiency and heating times are improved. In such systems, the maximum output power and efficiency are achieved at the resonant frequency, and the switching frequency is increased to reduce the output power.
Gopu Raghu., S.Gangadharam
Abstract: Induction heating technology is leading technical advances in home appliances due to the benefits inherent to the contactless energy transfer including high efficiency, fast heating, safety, cleanness, and accurate control, among others. Recent design trends are focused on developing more versatile cooking appliances for an improved user performance. This paper proposes the use of the half-bridge inverter in two operating modes to achieve higher efficiency in a wide output power range. The power converter topology can be reconfigured by changing the resonant capacitors through electromechanical relays. As a consequence, the entire efficiency of the cooking process is improved with a cost-effective procedure. This paper proposes an optimized modulation strategy to reduce the maximum device voltage, enabling an optimized converter design with improved reliability and performance. All of these advantages are due to its heating process, where the pot is directly heated by the induced currents generated with a varying magnetic field. As a result, the glass where the pot is supported is not directly heated and, consequently, efficiency and heating times are improved. In such systems, the maximum output power and efficiency are achieved at the resonant frequency, and the switching frequency is increased to reduce the output power.
Automatic vehicle pollution detect and smart services station alert using GPS
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1.G.KRISHNAVENI, 2. D.RAVISANKAR
ABSTRACT: The main objective of this project is to design an enhanced vehicle pollution monitoring system using LPC2148. Vehicles have become an integral part of every one's life. Situations and circumstances demand the usage of vehicles in this fast paced urban life. Every vehicle will have emission but the problem occurs when it is beyond the standardized values. The primary reason for this breach of emission level being the incomplete combustion of fuel supplied to engine, which is due to the improper maintenance of vehicles. When the pollution/ emission level beyond the already set threshold level, there will be a buzz in the vehicle to indicate that the limit has been breached and the vehicle will stop after acertain period of time , a cushion time given for the driver to park his/her vehicle. The GPS starts locating the nearest service stations. After the timer runs out, the fuel supplied to the engine will be cut-off and a warning message will be sent to authorized mobile number through GSM.
1.G.KRISHNAVENI, 2. D.RAVISANKAR
ABSTRACT: The main objective of this project is to design an enhanced vehicle pollution monitoring system using LPC2148. Vehicles have become an integral part of every one's life. Situations and circumstances demand the usage of vehicles in this fast paced urban life. Every vehicle will have emission but the problem occurs when it is beyond the standardized values. The primary reason for this breach of emission level being the incomplete combustion of fuel supplied to engine, which is due to the improper maintenance of vehicles. When the pollution/ emission level beyond the already set threshold level, there will be a buzz in the vehicle to indicate that the limit has been breached and the vehicle will stop after acertain period of time , a cushion time given for the driver to park his/her vehicle. The GPS starts locating the nearest service stations. After the timer runs out, the fuel supplied to the engine will be cut-off and a warning message will be sent to authorized mobile number through GSM.
Design and implementation of high secured crypto core using Humming Bird-2
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1.N.Sri Lakshmi, 2. S.V.Sai Kumar,3.P. Siva Krishna
Abstract—The main objective of this project is to design a new tool for securing the information in Android Platform. This project based on light weight encryption scheme based on humming bird2. This used to secure the data by making use of password based authentication. The cryptographic key is derived from password based key generation method. Further this project can be extended to latency optimized processor for multipurpose applications. Along with time reduction, security also can be increased by using hybrid approaches in key generation processing. This light weight, latency optimization, more security is the vital key features of this designed crypto device.
1.N.Sri Lakshmi, 2. S.V.Sai Kumar,3.P. Siva Krishna
Abstract—The main objective of this project is to design a new tool for securing the information in Android Platform. This project based on light weight encryption scheme based on humming bird2. This used to secure the data by making use of password based authentication. The cryptographic key is derived from password based key generation method. Further this project can be extended to latency optimized processor for multipurpose applications. Along with time reduction, security also can be increased by using hybrid approaches in key generation processing. This light weight, latency optimization, more security is the vital key features of this designed crypto device.
Design of an Efficient Router in Networks
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1.SRIVALLI, 2.T.VENKATA LAKSHMI, 3.M.KAMARAJU
ABSTRACT: The main objective of the paper is to design an efficient router to transfer error free data between networks. The data is transferred in packet format and the length of each packet is 64 bytes. This Design consists of Register, FSM, Synchronizer and 3FIFO modules. The design have three output ports and one input port, it is a packet based Protocol. The Router drives the incoming packet from the input port to output port based on the address field contained in the packet Header.When parity mismatch exist between packet parity and internal parity then transfer of accurate data between networks is not possible. In this paperan error detection technique called parity checking is used. This technique tests the integrity of digital data being transmitted between server and client. This technique ensures that the data transmitted by the server can received by the client network without getting corrupted. Packet routing, parity checking are the vital features of this efficient router. This design is synthesized and simulated in Xilinx ISE 13.1
1.SRIVALLI, 2.T.VENKATA LAKSHMI, 3.M.KAMARAJU
ABSTRACT: The main objective of the paper is to design an efficient router to transfer error free data between networks. The data is transferred in packet format and the length of each packet is 64 bytes. This Design consists of Register, FSM, Synchronizer and 3FIFO modules. The design have three output ports and one input port, it is a packet based Protocol. The Router drives the incoming packet from the input port to output port based on the address field contained in the packet Header.When parity mismatch exist between packet parity and internal parity then transfer of accurate data between networks is not possible. In this paperan error detection technique called parity checking is used. This technique tests the integrity of digital data being transmitted between server and client. This technique ensures that the data transmitted by the server can received by the client network without getting corrupted. Packet routing, parity checking are the vital features of this efficient router. This design is synthesized and simulated in Xilinx ISE 13.1
Implementation of DMC Algorithm Using Low Latency Architecture
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1.N.Bhavani, 2.K.Sundeep, 3.N.Sravani
Abstract—Transient multiple cell upsets (MCUs) are becoming major issues in the reliability of memories exposed to radiation environment. To prevent MCUs from causing data corruption, more complex error correction codes (ECCs) are widely used to protect memory, but the main problem is that they would require higher delay overhead. Recently, matrix codes (MCs) based on hamming codes have been proposed for memory protection. The main issue is that they are double error correction codes and the error correction capabilities are not improved in all cases. In this project, novel decimal matrix code (DMC) based on divide-symbol is proposed to enhance memory reliability with lower delay overhead. The proposed DMC utilizes decimal algorithm to obtain the maximum error detection capability. Moreover, the encoder-reuse technique (ERT) is proposed to minimize the area overhead of extra circuits without disturbing the whole encoding and decoding processes. ERT uses DMC encoder itself to be part of the decoder. Further, this project is enhanced using square root Carry select adder for improving propagation delay.
1.N.Bhavani, 2.K.Sundeep, 3.N.Sravani
Abstract—Transient multiple cell upsets (MCUs) are becoming major issues in the reliability of memories exposed to radiation environment. To prevent MCUs from causing data corruption, more complex error correction codes (ECCs) are widely used to protect memory, but the main problem is that they would require higher delay overhead. Recently, matrix codes (MCs) based on hamming codes have been proposed for memory protection. The main issue is that they are double error correction codes and the error correction capabilities are not improved in all cases. In this project, novel decimal matrix code (DMC) based on divide-symbol is proposed to enhance memory reliability with lower delay overhead. The proposed DMC utilizes decimal algorithm to obtain the maximum error detection capability. Moreover, the encoder-reuse technique (ERT) is proposed to minimize the area overhead of extra circuits without disturbing the whole encoding and decoding processes. ERT uses DMC encoder itself to be part of the decoder. Further, this project is enhanced using square root Carry select adder for improving propagation delay.
A Fuzzy based Control Strategy for Current Harmonic Programmed Grid-Connected DG Units
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1.Kiran Rongala, 2.Gottumukkula Sudhakar
Abstract: Power system harmonics are a menace to electric power systems with disastrous consequences. The line current harmonics cause increase in losses, instability, and also voltage distortion. With the proliferation of the power electronics converters and increased use of magnetic, power lines have become highly polluted. Both passive and active filters have been used near harmonic producing loads or at the point of common coupling to block current harmonics. Shunt filters still dominate the harmonic compensation at medium/high voltage level, whereas active filters have been proclaimed for low/medium voltage ratings. In this project combination of a thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR) and a shunt hybrid power filter (SHPF) for harmonic and reactive power compensation. The SHPF is the combination of a small-rating active power filter (APF) and a fifth-harmonic-tuned LC passive filter. The tuned passive filter and the TCR form a shunt passive filter (SPF) to compensate reactive power.
1.Kiran Rongala, 2.Gottumukkula Sudhakar
Abstract: Power system harmonics are a menace to electric power systems with disastrous consequences. The line current harmonics cause increase in losses, instability, and also voltage distortion. With the proliferation of the power electronics converters and increased use of magnetic, power lines have become highly polluted. Both passive and active filters have been used near harmonic producing loads or at the point of common coupling to block current harmonics. Shunt filters still dominate the harmonic compensation at medium/high voltage level, whereas active filters have been proclaimed for low/medium voltage ratings. In this project combination of a thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR) and a shunt hybrid power filter (SHPF) for harmonic and reactive power compensation. The SHPF is the combination of a small-rating active power filter (APF) and a fifth-harmonic-tuned LC passive filter. The tuned passive filter and the TCR form a shunt passive filter (SPF) to compensate reactive power.
AN EFFICIENT AND SECURED HB2 ALG WITH LOW LATENCY
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1. D.SRUTHI, 2.R.UPENDARRAO
ABSTRACT: The main objective of this project is to design a new tool for securing the information in Android Platform. This project based on light weight encryption scheme based on humming bird2. This used to secure the data by making use of password based authentication. The cryptographic key is derived from password based key generation method. Further this project can be extended to latency optimized processor for multipurpose applications. Along with time reduction, security also can be increased by using hybrid approaches in key generation processing. This light weight, latency optimization, more security is the vital key features of this designed crypto device.
1. D.SRUTHI, 2.R.UPENDARRAO
ABSTRACT: The main objective of this project is to design a new tool for securing the information in Android Platform. This project based on light weight encryption scheme based on humming bird2. This used to secure the data by making use of password based authentication. The cryptographic key is derived from password based key generation method. Further this project can be extended to latency optimized processor for multipurpose applications. Along with time reduction, security also can be increased by using hybrid approaches in key generation processing. This light weight, latency optimization, more security is the vital key features of this designed crypto device.
Harmonic Suppression of Circulating Current in Modular Multilevel Converters using Fuzzy Logic Controller
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K.ChakraPani. J.Divya
ABSTRACT: Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have emerged as the most promising topology for high and medium voltage applications for the coming years. However, one particular negative characteristic of MMCs is the existence of circulating current, which contains a dc component and a series of low- frequency even-order ac harmonics. If not suppressed, these ac harmonics will distort the arm currents, increase the power loses, and cause higher current stresses on the semiconductor devices. Repetitive control (RC) is well known due to its distinctive capabilities in tracking periodic signals and eliminating periodic errors. In this paper, a novel circulating current control scheme base on RC is proposed to effectively track the dc component and to restrain the low-frequency ac harmonics. The integrating function is inherently embedded in the RC controller. Therefore, the proposed circulating current control only parallels the RC controller with a proportional controller. Thus, conflicts between the RC controller and the traditional proportional integral (PI) controller can be avoided. The design methodologies of the RC controller and a stability analysis are also introduced. The validity of the proposed circulating current control approach has been verified by simulation And extension can be done using Fuzzy Logic Controller.
K.ChakraPani. J.Divya
ABSTRACT: Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have emerged as the most promising topology for high and medium voltage applications for the coming years. However, one particular negative characteristic of MMCs is the existence of circulating current, which contains a dc component and a series of low- frequency even-order ac harmonics. If not suppressed, these ac harmonics will distort the arm currents, increase the power loses, and cause higher current stresses on the semiconductor devices. Repetitive control (RC) is well known due to its distinctive capabilities in tracking periodic signals and eliminating periodic errors. In this paper, a novel circulating current control scheme base on RC is proposed to effectively track the dc component and to restrain the low-frequency ac harmonics. The integrating function is inherently embedded in the RC controller. Therefore, the proposed circulating current control only parallels the RC controller with a proportional controller. Thus, conflicts between the RC controller and the traditional proportional integral (PI) controller can be avoided. The design methodologies of the RC controller and a stability analysis are also introduced. The validity of the proposed circulating current control approach has been verified by simulation And extension can be done using Fuzzy Logic Controller.
MODELING OF FACTS DEVICES BASED ON SPWM VSCS
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K.Lakshmi Parvathi., K.Kavitha
ABSTRACT: Electrical distribution system suffers from various problems like reactive power burden, unbalanced loading, voltage regulation and harmonic distortion. Though UPFC are ideal solutions for such systems, they are not popular because of the cost and complexity of control involved. Phase wise balanced reactive power compensations are required for fast changing loads needing dynamic power factor correcting devices leading to terminal voltage stabilization. Unified power flow controllers (UPFC) remain ideal choice for such loads in practice due to low cost and simple control strategy. These UPFCs, while correcting power factor, inject harmonics into the lines causing serious concerns about quality of the distribution line supplies at PCC. This paper proposes to minimize the harmonics injected into the distribution systems by the operation of UPFC used in conjunction with fast changing loads at LV distribution level. Fuzzy logic system is used to solve this nonlinear problem, giving optimum triggering delay angles used to trigger switches in TCR. The scheme with Fuzzy logic system is attractive and can be used at distribution level where load harmonics are within limits.
K.Lakshmi Parvathi., K.Kavitha
ABSTRACT: Electrical distribution system suffers from various problems like reactive power burden, unbalanced loading, voltage regulation and harmonic distortion. Though UPFC are ideal solutions for such systems, they are not popular because of the cost and complexity of control involved. Phase wise balanced reactive power compensations are required for fast changing loads needing dynamic power factor correcting devices leading to terminal voltage stabilization. Unified power flow controllers (UPFC) remain ideal choice for such loads in practice due to low cost and simple control strategy. These UPFCs, while correcting power factor, inject harmonics into the lines causing serious concerns about quality of the distribution line supplies at PCC. This paper proposes to minimize the harmonics injected into the distribution systems by the operation of UPFC used in conjunction with fast changing loads at LV distribution level. Fuzzy logic system is used to solve this nonlinear problem, giving optimum triggering delay angles used to trigger switches in TCR. The scheme with Fuzzy logic system is attractive and can be used at distribution level where load harmonics are within limits.
DEVELOPMENT OF HYBRID ACTIVE POWER FILTER BASED ON H-INFINITY METHOD IN GRID-CONNECTED DG UNITS
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G.NagaRoja., M.Eswar Chand
ABSTRACT: In this project a simple harmonic compensation strategy is proposed for current controlled DG unit interfacing converters. By separating the conventional proportional and multiple resonant controllers into two parallel control branches, the proposed method realizes power control and harmonic compensation without using any local nonlinear load harmonic current extraction or POC harmonic voltage detection. A simple harmonic compensation strategy is proposed for current controlled DG unit in terfacing converters. By separating the conventional proportional and multiple resonant controllers into two parallel control branches, the proposed method realizes power control and harmonic compensation without using any local nonlinear load harmonic current extraction or POC harmonic voltage detection. In general due to the growing importance of renewable energy based power generation, a large number of power electronics interfaced DG units have been installed in the low voltage power distribution systems. The control of interfacing converters can introduce system resonance issues. Moreover, the increasing presence of nonlinear loads, such as variable speed drives, light-emitting diode (LED) lamps, compact fluorescent lamps (CFL), etc., will further degrade distribution system power quality. So, in this project current controller has two well decoupled control branches to independently control fundamental and harmonic DG currents, local nonlinear load harmonic current detection and distribution system harmonic voltage detection are not necessary for the proposed harmonic compensation method. Closed loop power control scheme is employed to directly derive the fundamental current reference without using any phase locked loops (PLL). H-Infinity Method is Used for Better Controller and Functioning Of System The power control scheme effectively eliminates the impacts of steady-state fundamental current tracking errors in the DG units. Thus, an accurate power control is realized even when the harmonic compensation functions are activate The entire proposed system will be tested using MATLAB/SIMULINK and the simulation results demonstrate the attractive performance characteristics of the proposed active harmonics filtering using current controlled Grid-Connected DG units with closed-Loop Power Control.
G.NagaRoja., M.Eswar Chand
ABSTRACT: In this project a simple harmonic compensation strategy is proposed for current controlled DG unit interfacing converters. By separating the conventional proportional and multiple resonant controllers into two parallel control branches, the proposed method realizes power control and harmonic compensation without using any local nonlinear load harmonic current extraction or POC harmonic voltage detection. A simple harmonic compensation strategy is proposed for current controlled DG unit in terfacing converters. By separating the conventional proportional and multiple resonant controllers into two parallel control branches, the proposed method realizes power control and harmonic compensation without using any local nonlinear load harmonic current extraction or POC harmonic voltage detection. In general due to the growing importance of renewable energy based power generation, a large number of power electronics interfaced DG units have been installed in the low voltage power distribution systems. The control of interfacing converters can introduce system resonance issues. Moreover, the increasing presence of nonlinear loads, such as variable speed drives, light-emitting diode (LED) lamps, compact fluorescent lamps (CFL), etc., will further degrade distribution system power quality. So, in this project current controller has two well decoupled control branches to independently control fundamental and harmonic DG currents, local nonlinear load harmonic current detection and distribution system harmonic voltage detection are not necessary for the proposed harmonic compensation method. Closed loop power control scheme is employed to directly derive the fundamental current reference without using any phase locked loops (PLL). H-Infinity Method is Used for Better Controller and Functioning Of System The power control scheme effectively eliminates the impacts of steady-state fundamental current tracking errors in the DG units. Thus, an accurate power control is realized even when the harmonic compensation functions are activate The entire proposed system will be tested using MATLAB/SIMULINK and the simulation results demonstrate the attractive performance characteristics of the proposed active harmonics filtering using current controlled Grid-Connected DG units with closed-Loop Power Control.
Fuzzy Logic Control of Robust Partial Feedback Linearizing Stabilization Scheme for Three-Phase Grid-Connected
Photovoltaic Systems
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E.Srikanth, M.Eswar Chand
ABSTRACT: This paper presents a robust stabilization scheme for a three-phase grid-connected PV system to maintain the operation of the system at unity power factor. To achieve this, both the grid voltage and grid current must be in phase with each other. In a grid connected PV system, desired control objectives are met by a strategy using pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme based on two cascaded control loops that includes inner current control loop and outer voltage control loop, ensuring zero phase difference between voltage and current and MPPT production. In this paper, a non-linear controller of robust controller is designed by modelling and inclusion of uncertainties within the controller in the PV system model. The proposed system enables the operation of the system at unity power factor since both the grid voltage and grid current will be in phase with each other. The proposed system is verified through the simulation under standard and variable atmospheric conditions. Fuzzy controller can be used as Extension.
E.Srikanth, M.Eswar Chand
ABSTRACT: This paper presents a robust stabilization scheme for a three-phase grid-connected PV system to maintain the operation of the system at unity power factor. To achieve this, both the grid voltage and grid current must be in phase with each other. In a grid connected PV system, desired control objectives are met by a strategy using pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme based on two cascaded control loops that includes inner current control loop and outer voltage control loop, ensuring zero phase difference between voltage and current and MPPT production. In this paper, a non-linear controller of robust controller is designed by modelling and inclusion of uncertainties within the controller in the PV system model. The proposed system enables the operation of the system at unity power factor since both the grid voltage and grid current will be in phase with each other. The proposed system is verified through the simulation under standard and variable atmospheric conditions. Fuzzy controller can be used as Extension.
FUZZY LOGIC BASED CONTROL OF BIDIRECTIONAL MULTILEVEL CONVERTER FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES
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T.Subhash., A.PanduRangaRao
ABSTRACT: In this paper is presented an H-Bridge Multilevel Converter topology for Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs). The topology of the presented multilevel converter allows the interface between the batteries, the electric motor of the vehicle, and the electrical power grid. Thereby, taking into account that the proposed multilevel converter requires the use of isolated voltage sources, the interface between the batteries and the multilevel converter is evaluated regarding the converter operation as a Battery Management System (BMS), controlling the charging and discharging processes. The interface between the multilevel converter and the electrical power grid is described considering a bidirectional operation. These modes of operation occur during the batteries charging process, denominated as Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V), and during the operation as Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), that consists in delivering back to the electrical power grid a small amount of the energy stored in the batteries, in accordance with the electrical grid requirements and with the vehicle driver accordance. In both modes of operation, the waveform of the AC current of the electrical power grid is kept sinusoidal with unitary power factor, contributing to maintain a good level of power quality. And Fuzzy is used as Extension.
T.Subhash., A.PanduRangaRao
ABSTRACT: In this paper is presented an H-Bridge Multilevel Converter topology for Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs). The topology of the presented multilevel converter allows the interface between the batteries, the electric motor of the vehicle, and the electrical power grid. Thereby, taking into account that the proposed multilevel converter requires the use of isolated voltage sources, the interface between the batteries and the multilevel converter is evaluated regarding the converter operation as a Battery Management System (BMS), controlling the charging and discharging processes. The interface between the multilevel converter and the electrical power grid is described considering a bidirectional operation. These modes of operation occur during the batteries charging process, denominated as Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V), and during the operation as Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), that consists in delivering back to the electrical power grid a small amount of the energy stored in the batteries, in accordance with the electrical grid requirements and with the vehicle driver accordance. In both modes of operation, the waveform of the AC current of the electrical power grid is kept sinusoidal with unitary power factor, contributing to maintain a good level of power quality. And Fuzzy is used as Extension.
A New Multi Level Grid-Connected Converter Topology for Single-Phase Transformerless PV System
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K.SWATHI, A.PANDU RANGA RAO
ABSTRACT The ever-increasing energy consumption, fossil fuels soaring costs and exhaustible nature, and worsening global environment have created a booming interest in renewable energy generation systems, one of which is photovoltaic. Such a system generates electricity by converting the Sun’s energy directly into electricity. Photovoltaic-generated energy can be delivered to power system networks through grid-connected converters. A single-phase seven-level converter for grid-connected photovoltaic systems, with a novel pulse width-modulated (PWM) control scheme is proposed. Three reference signals that are identical to each other with an offset that is equivalent to the amplitude of the triangular carrier signal were used to generate the PWM signals. Eliminating the leakage current is one of the most important issues for transformer less converters in grid-connected photovoltaic system applications, where the technical challenge is how to keep the system common-mode voltage constant to reduce the leakage current. A novel single-phase three-level topology for transformer less photovoltaic systems is presented in this paper. Compared with the conventional H-bridge topology, it only needs two additional asymmetrically distributed switches, and the system common-mode voltage can be kept constant with a simple modulation scheme. Test results verify the theoretical analysis and the feasibility of the proposed topology and further extension can be done using Eleven Level Converters.
K.SWATHI, A.PANDU RANGA RAO
ABSTRACT The ever-increasing energy consumption, fossil fuels soaring costs and exhaustible nature, and worsening global environment have created a booming interest in renewable energy generation systems, one of which is photovoltaic. Such a system generates electricity by converting the Sun’s energy directly into electricity. Photovoltaic-generated energy can be delivered to power system networks through grid-connected converters. A single-phase seven-level converter for grid-connected photovoltaic systems, with a novel pulse width-modulated (PWM) control scheme is proposed. Three reference signals that are identical to each other with an offset that is equivalent to the amplitude of the triangular carrier signal were used to generate the PWM signals. Eliminating the leakage current is one of the most important issues for transformer less converters in grid-connected photovoltaic system applications, where the technical challenge is how to keep the system common-mode voltage constant to reduce the leakage current. A novel single-phase three-level topology for transformer less photovoltaic systems is presented in this paper. Compared with the conventional H-bridge topology, it only needs two additional asymmetrically distributed switches, and the system common-mode voltage can be kept constant with a simple modulation scheme. Test results verify the theoretical analysis and the feasibility of the proposed topology and further extension can be done using Eleven Level Converters.
Control of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems Using Cascaded Modular Multilevel Converters Based on Fuzzy Logic
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T.YASWANTH SAI RAM, J.DIVYA
ABSTRACT The penetration of photovoltaic (PV) solar power generation in distributed generation (DG) systems is growing rapidly. This condition imposes new requirements to the operation and management of the distribution grid, especially when high penetration levels are achieved. Under this scenario, the power electronics technology plays a vital role in ensuring an effective grid integration of the PV system, since it is subject to requirements related not only to the variable source itself but also to its effects on the stability and operation of the electric grid. This paper proposes an enhanced interface for the grid connection of PV solar systems. This paper addresses this issue and proposes a decoupled active and reactive power control strategy to enhance system operation performance. The relationship between output voltage components of each module and power generation is analyzed with the help of a newly derived vector diagram which illustrates the proposed power distribution principle. On top of this, an effective control system including active and reactive components extraction, voltage distribution and synthesization, is developed to achieve independent active and reactive power distribution and mitigate the aforementioned issue. Finally, a 3-MW, 12-kV PV system with the proposed control strategy is modelled and simulated in MATLAB. Simulation and experimental results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy for large-scale grid-connected cascaded PA full detailed model is described and its control scheme is designed. The dynamic performance of the designed architecture is verified by computer simulations and Further Extension can be done using Fuzzy Logic Controller.
T.YASWANTH SAI RAM, J.DIVYA
ABSTRACT The penetration of photovoltaic (PV) solar power generation in distributed generation (DG) systems is growing rapidly. This condition imposes new requirements to the operation and management of the distribution grid, especially when high penetration levels are achieved. Under this scenario, the power electronics technology plays a vital role in ensuring an effective grid integration of the PV system, since it is subject to requirements related not only to the variable source itself but also to its effects on the stability and operation of the electric grid. This paper proposes an enhanced interface for the grid connection of PV solar systems. This paper addresses this issue and proposes a decoupled active and reactive power control strategy to enhance system operation performance. The relationship between output voltage components of each module and power generation is analyzed with the help of a newly derived vector diagram which illustrates the proposed power distribution principle. On top of this, an effective control system including active and reactive components extraction, voltage distribution and synthesization, is developed to achieve independent active and reactive power distribution and mitigate the aforementioned issue. Finally, a 3-MW, 12-kV PV system with the proposed control strategy is modelled and simulated in MATLAB. Simulation and experimental results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy for large-scale grid-connected cascaded PA full detailed model is described and its control scheme is designed. The dynamic performance of the designed architecture is verified by computer simulations and Further Extension can be done using Fuzzy Logic Controller.
Adjustable DC Voltage Levels Control Using SHE–PWM Cascaded Multilevel Inverter for UPFC Applications
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L. HARIKA, K. KAVITHA
Abstract: A new multilevel selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation (MSHE-PWM) technique based transformer less Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) system employing cascaded H-bridge inverter (CHI) configuration is presented in this project. This in turns eradicates the tedious steps required for manipulating the off-line calculated switching angles and therefore, easing the implementation of the MSHE-PWM for dynamic systems. The technique is further compared with an equivalent conventional carrier-based pulse width modulation (CB-PWM) to illustrate its enhanced characteristics. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified through simulation studies. The choice of the modulation technique plays an important role in a STATCOM control system as it has a high impact on its compensation objectives, transient as well as steady-state performances. Therefore, several pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques have been investigated, proposed, and documented in the literature. Further efforts to eradicate the problems have been attempted to simplify the computation and control. The proposed MSHE-PWM method optimizes both the DC voltage levels and the switching angles, enabling more harmonics to be eliminated without affecting the structure of the inverter circuit. The method provides constant switching angles and linear pattern of DC voltage levels over the modulation index range.
L. HARIKA, K. KAVITHA
Abstract: A new multilevel selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation (MSHE-PWM) technique based transformer less Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) system employing cascaded H-bridge inverter (CHI) configuration is presented in this project. This in turns eradicates the tedious steps required for manipulating the off-line calculated switching angles and therefore, easing the implementation of the MSHE-PWM for dynamic systems. The technique is further compared with an equivalent conventional carrier-based pulse width modulation (CB-PWM) to illustrate its enhanced characteristics. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified through simulation studies. The choice of the modulation technique plays an important role in a STATCOM control system as it has a high impact on its compensation objectives, transient as well as steady-state performances. Therefore, several pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques have been investigated, proposed, and documented in the literature. Further efforts to eradicate the problems have been attempted to simplify the computation and control. The proposed MSHE-PWM method optimizes both the DC voltage levels and the switching angles, enabling more harmonics to be eliminated without affecting the structure of the inverter circuit. The method provides constant switching angles and linear pattern of DC voltage levels over the modulation index range.
DC Micro grid for Wind and Solar Power Integration Using Fuzzy Logic Controller
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A.SAI CHARAN, K.KAVITHA
ABSTRACT This Paper presents a dynamic modelling of a DC Micro grid which has an Solar and Wind as an Distributed Energy Sources (DES).A Multi Port DC –DC converter is used to integrate the renewable sources to the DC bus.. The both solar and wind changes according to the load requirement and also the availability. An Energy Storage Element such as Battery is also integrated with the DC bus so that it can store energy when present in excess. Compared with the existing droop controls, it is distinguished in that the droop curves are set as a function of the storage state-of-charge (SOC) and can become asymmetric. The adaptation of the slopes ensures that the power output supports the terminal voltage while at the same keeping the SOC within a target range of desired operational reserve. This is shown to maintain the equilibrium of the microgrid’s real-time supply and demand. An intellegent Controller Known as Fuzzy Logic Controller is used as a controller to obtain best efficiency. Simulation is Implemented using Matlab/Simulink Software.
A.SAI CHARAN, K.KAVITHA
ABSTRACT This Paper presents a dynamic modelling of a DC Micro grid which has an Solar and Wind as an Distributed Energy Sources (DES).A Multi Port DC –DC converter is used to integrate the renewable sources to the DC bus.. The both solar and wind changes according to the load requirement and also the availability. An Energy Storage Element such as Battery is also integrated with the DC bus so that it can store energy when present in excess. Compared with the existing droop controls, it is distinguished in that the droop curves are set as a function of the storage state-of-charge (SOC) and can become asymmetric. The adaptation of the slopes ensures that the power output supports the terminal voltage while at the same keeping the SOC within a target range of desired operational reserve. This is shown to maintain the equilibrium of the microgrid’s real-time supply and demand. An intellegent Controller Known as Fuzzy Logic Controller is used as a controller to obtain best efficiency. Simulation is Implemented using Matlab/Simulink Software.
Improvement Of Power Factor By Voltage Controlled Adjustable Speed PMBLDCM Drive
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P Bhaskar, Tajuddin Sayyad, Dr. Abdul Ahad
Abstract: In this paper, a half-bridge DC-DC converter is used as a single-stage power factor correction (PFC) converter for feeding a voltage source inverter (VSI) based permanent magnet brushless DC motor (PMBLDCM) drive. The front end of this PFC converter is a diode bridge rectifier (DBR) fed from single-phase AC mains. The fly-back PFC converter is operated with the current multiplier control and voltage follower control schemes for improvement of power quality (PQ) at ac mains while controlling the operation of PMBLDCMD in wide range of speeds and input AC voltage variation.
P Bhaskar, Tajuddin Sayyad, Dr. Abdul Ahad
Abstract: In this paper, a half-bridge DC-DC converter is used as a single-stage power factor correction (PFC) converter for feeding a voltage source inverter (VSI) based permanent magnet brushless DC motor (PMBLDCM) drive. The front end of this PFC converter is a diode bridge rectifier (DBR) fed from single-phase AC mains. The fly-back PFC converter is operated with the current multiplier control and voltage follower control schemes for improvement of power quality (PQ) at ac mains while controlling the operation of PMBLDCMD in wide range of speeds and input AC voltage variation.
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